As the markets are propelled higher by the successive interventions of the Federal Reserve it is hard not to think that the current rise will continue indefinitely.  The most common belief is the resurgence of economic growth will continue to propel stocks higher even in the face of higher interest rates.  The financial world has finally achieved a “utopian” state where there is no longer investment risk in any asset class – because if it stumbles the central banks of the world will be there to catch them. However, a quick look at history tells us that this time is not really different.  The reality is that markets cycle from peaks to troughs as excesses built up during the up cycle are liquidated.  The chart below shows the secular cycles of the market going back to 1871 adjusted for inflation.

This time is not different.  The excesses being built up in the markets today will eventually be reverted just as they have been at every other peak in market history.  When?  No one knows but they will.

There are 10 basic investment rules that have historically kept investors out of trouble over the long term.  Some may fall out of favor for a period of time but over the long haul all 10 of these are “keepers”.  They are not unique by any means but rather a list of investment rules that in some shape, or form, has been followed by every great investor in history.

1) You are a speculator – not an investor

Unlike Warren Buffet who takes control of a company and can affect its financial direction - you can only speculate on the future price someone is willing to pay you for the pieces of paper you own today.  Like any professional gambler – the secret to long term success was best sung by Kenny Rogers; “You gotta know when to hold’em…know when to fold’em”

2) Asset allocation is the key to winning the “long game”

In today’s highly correlated world there is little diversification between equity classes.  Therefore, including other asset classes, like fixed income which provides a return of capital function with an income stream, can during normal market movement reduce portfolio volatility.  Lower volatility portfolios outperforms over the long term by reducing the emotional mistakes caused by large portfolio swings.

3) You can’t “buy low” if you don’t “sell high”

Most investors do fairly well at “buying” but stink at “selling.”  The reason is purely emotional driven primarily by “greed” and “fear.”  Like pruning and weeding a garden; a solid discipline of regularly taking profits, selling laggards and rebalancing the allocation leads to a healthier portfolio over time.

4) No investment discipline works all the time – however, sticking to discipline works always.

Growth, value, international, small cap or bonds all have had times when they topped the charts in terms of return.  However, like everything in life, investment styles cycle.  There are times when growth outperforms value, or international is the place to be, but then it changes.  The problem is that by the time you realize what is working you are late rotating into it.  This is why the truly great investors stick to their discipline in good times and bad.  Over the long term – sticking to what you know, have historical precedence and understand, will perform better than continually jumping from the “frying pan into the fire.”

5) Losing capital is destructive.  Missing an opportunity is not.

As any good poker player knows – once you run out of chips you are out of the game.  This is why knowing both “when” and “how much” to bet is critical to winning the game.  The problem for most investors is that they are consistently betting “all in all of the time.” as they are afraid of “missing out.”  The reality is that opportunities to invest in the market come along as often as taxi cabs in New York city.  However, trying to make up lost capital by not paying attention to the risk is a much more difficult thing to do.

6) Your most valuable, and irreplaceable commodity, is “time.”

Since the turn of the century investors have recovered, theoretically, from two massive bear market corrections.  After 13 years investors are now back to where they were in 2000 if we don’t adjust for inflation.  The problem is that the one commodity that has been lost, and can never be recovered, is “time.”

For investors getting back to even is not an investment strategy.  We are all “savers” that have a limited amount of time within which to save money for our retirement.  If we were 15 years from retirement in 2000 – we are now staring it in the face with no more to show for it than what we had over a decade ago.  Do not discount the value of “time” in your investment strategy.

7) Don’t mistake a “cyclical trend” as an “infinite direction”

There is an old Wall Street axiom that says the “trend is your friend.”  Investors always tend to extrapolate the current trend into infinity.  In 2007 the markets were expected to continue to grow as investors piled into the market top.  In late 2008 individuals were convinced that the market was going to zero.  Extremes are never the case.

It is important to remember that the “trend is your friend” as long as you are paying attention to, and respecting, its direction.  Get on the wrong side of the trend and it can become your worst enemy.

8) If you think you have it figured out – sell everything.

Individuals go to college to become doctors, lawyers and even circus clowns.  Yet, every day, individuals pile into one of the most complicated games on the planet with their hard earned savings with little, or no, education at all.

For most individuals, when the markets are rising, their success breeds confidence.  The longer the market rises; the more individuals attribute their success to their own skill.  The reality is that a rising market covers up the multitude of investment mistakes that individuals make by taking on excessive risk, poor asset selection or weak management skills.  These errors are revealed by the forthcoming correction.

9) Being a contrarian is tough, lonely and generally right.

The best investments are generally made when going against the herd.  Selling to the “greedy” and buying from the “fearful” are extremely difficult things to do without a very strong investment discipline, management protocol and intestinal fortitude.  For most investors the reality is that they are inundated by ”media chatter” which keeps them from making logical and intelligent investment decisions regarding their money which, unfortunately, leads to bad outcomes.

10) Benchmarking performance only benefits Wall Street

The best thing you can do for your portfolio is to quite benchmarking it against a random market index that has absolutely nothing to do with your goals, risk tolerance or time horizon.  Tom Dorsey summed this up well by stating that:

“Comparison in the financial arena is the main reason clients have trouble patiently sitting on their hands, letting whatever process they are comfortable with work for them. They get waylaid by some comparison along the way and lose their focus. If you tell a client that they made 12% on their account, they are very pleased. If you subsequently inform them that ‘everyone else’ made 14%, you have made them upset. The whole financial services industry, as it is constructed now, is predicated on making people upset so they will move their money around in a frenzy. Money in motion creates fees and commissions. The creation of more and more benchmarks and style boxes is nothing more than the creation of more things to COMPARE to, allowing clients to stay in a perpetual state of outrage.”

The only benchmark that matters to you is the annual return that is specifically required to obtain your retirement goal in the future.  If that rate is 4% then trying to obtain 6% more than doubles the risk you have to take to achieve that return.  The end result is that by taking on more risk than is necessary will put your further away from your goal than you intended when something inevitably goes wrong.